Mean (μ)
μ = Σx / n
The mean (μ) is the average of all values in a data set.
It's calculated by summing all values and dividing by
the number of observations.
Standard Deviation (σ)
σ = √[Σ(x - μ)² / n]
The standard deviation measures the amount of variation
or dispersion in the data set. A low standard deviation
indicates that values tend to be close to the mean,
while a high standard deviation indicates values are
spread out over a wider range.
Z-Score
z = (x - μ) / σ
The z-score represents how many standard deviations a
data point is from the mean. It allows for comparison
between different normal distributions.
Probability Density Function
f(x) = (1 / (σ√(2π))) * e^(-(x-μ)²/(2σ²))
The probability density function (PDF) describes the
likelihood of values occurring within a continuous
distribution.